A 2015 World Bank report on the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) revealed that since the 1990s, extreme poverty has been decreasing in all regions of the world with the exception of Africa where about 50 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa did not achieve the MDG extreme...

The paper argues that quot;brain drainquot; (BD) and quot;capital flightquot; (CF) are factor responses to developments in the domestic economy and hence should not be viewed differently (push for CF and pull for BD), with divergent metaphors (scared into flight for CF and pulled by gravity for...