In an interconnected world, economic and political interests inevitably reach beyond national borders. Since policy choices generate external economic and political costs, foreign state and non-state actors have an interest in inflencing policy actions in other sovereign countries to their...

After the end of World War II, the United States, by far the dominant economic and military power at that time, joined with the surviving capitalist democracies to create an unprecedented institutional framework. By the 1980s many contended that these institutions--the General Agreement on...

1. Introduction -- 2. UN/Unilateral sanctions regimes -- 3. The UN security council and protection of peace -- 4. Implementation : strength of sanctions and domestic policy -- 5. Implementation : from theory to practice -- 6. Measures of success/failure -- 7. Policy recommendations -- 8. Conclusion.