Debt swaps as an instrument of international co-operation in environmental field were conceived and first applied in the 1980s. They were once thought of as "win-win" arrangements solving environmental and economic problems at the same time. In the 1990s it became clear, however, that (1)...

Transformation erfordert die Veränderungen von Institutionen und die Öffnung von Finanzmärkten. Allerdings gelten zehn Jahre nach Beginn der Transformation Institutionen und die Funktionsweise der Finanzmärkte noch immer als Problemfelder der Reformen in Mittel- und Osteuropa. Damit werden...