Scholars who point to political influences and the regulatory function of patent courts in the U.S. have long … patent and which attracted criticism for a wealth of different reasons, are fine case studies of the current debate over the …

manufacturers a prolongation of patent protection or exclusivity if they invest in pediatric clinical tests. This paper shows that a … approval. By contrast, patent prolongation does not affect physicians' prescription decisions and increases the likelihood of … investments in cases where the induced additional benefit falls short of testing costs. -- Off-label use ; patent protection …

We examine the role of consumption externalities in the demand for pharmaceuticals at both the brand level and over a …