We extend the Fama–French three-factor model to include a risk factor that proxies for interest-rate risk faced by firms in an attempt to reduce the pricing errors that the three-factor model cannot explain. These pricing errors are observed especially in small size and low book-to-market...

We investigate the asymmetric risk–return relationship in a time-varying beta CAPM. A state space model is established and estimated by the Adaptive Least Squares with Kalman foundations proposed by McCulloch. Using S&P 500 daily data from 1987:11–2003:12, we find a positive risk–return...

This paper develops a shopping-time model in an open economy framework to motivate the specification of money demand. This microfoundations-of-money model allows me to choose which variables, and in what forms, should be used in the empirical money demand function. In particular, the model...