Theorists have long considered the relational aspect of power, from the ancients to modern times. Power relationships in international trade are difficult to describe graphically, due to the high dimensionality of dyadic trade data. Trade relationships are nevertheless key features of the...

After the end of World War II, the United States, by far the dominant economic and military power at that time, joined with the surviving capitalist democracies to create an unprecedented institutional framework. By the 1980s many contended that these institutions--the General Agreement on...