Shipping markets irregularity due to high-level volatility of freight rates and asset prices increases the risk of banks’ invalid financial strategy. Risk is further increased due to the heterogeneous shipping market, despite the regulations set by the Basel Convention. Consistent with the...

We show that lenders join a U.S. commercial credit bureau when information asymmetries between incumbents and entrants create an adverse selection problem that hinders market entry. Lenders also delay joining when information asymmetries protect them from competition in existing markets,...

Within the Internal Ratings-Based (IRB) approach of Basel II it is assumed that idiosyncratic risk has been fully diversified away. The impact of undiversified idiosyncratic risk on portfolio Value-at-Risk can be quantified via a granularity adjustment (GA). We provide an analytic formula for...