Accurately classifying products is essential in international trade. Virtually all countries categorize products into tariff lines using the Harmonized System (HS) nomenclature for both statistical and duty collection purposes. In this paper, we apply and assess several different algorithms to...

Presentation of a mathematics of letters and a language of letters that will allow an artificial intelligence to learn endlessly and be able to think as we think. With the numbered letters, the information that an artificial intelligence obtains with its artificial senses will not lose its...

Large Language Models (LLMs) are proving to be a powerful toolkit for management and organizational research. While early work has largely focused on the value of these tools for data processing and replicating survey-based research, the potential of LLMs for theory building is yet to be...