Inclusivity is perhaps the single most important human need to facilitate and demonstrate fairness for all members in an open and free society. When this principle need is compromised by appearances of unscrupulous self-interested privileged elites to perpetuate a systemic widening disparity...

We show that an easily computed and simply structured policy for making workorder decisions is optimal in the Clark-Scarf inventory model. That is a model of a make-to-stock multistage serial manufacturing process with convex costs of finished goods inventory, a set-up cost for purchasing,...

I review the contributions to Scholastic economic philosophy made by Duns Scotus in the Opus Oxoniense, showing that Duns Scotus makes considerable advances in the understanding of exchange, the legitimization of trade, and the development of the Church's traditional teaching on usury. I then...

A system of thought allowed for the free market price of land to cyclically go down to zero. This is the economics of Moses. The economics of Jesus is a restatement of the economics of Moses. The first was applied during Biblical times and the latter, united with Aristotle’s thought and...

Aristotle’s analysis of economic exchange in the Nicomachen Ethics involves two paradigms which he addresses separately but then stresses that there is no difference between them: barter and monetary exchange. Each one of them can be rendered separately but in a mutually consistent way by...

Sun Tzu’s Art of War is well-known for its influence in both strategic and management studies. However, most research has overlooked the Art of War produced by Sun Tzu’s descendent, Sun Pin. This text, while not as easily interpreted as its more famous ancestor, also contains discussions of...

Rather than through a neutral helicopter drop, new money enters the economy through expenditures of specific individuals, which changes relative prices. These relative-price changes, sometimes referred to as “first-round effects,” are well documented. However, economists do not have a simple...

This paper examines the marginal utility as a theory of value in comparison with the theories which preceded it. It compares in detail the utility theory with the predominant theory of value of classical economics, a cost theory which saw labor as the ultimate source of value. By introducing a...

John Rae has recently been rediscovered as a precursor of the endogenous growth theory. This study argues that Rae needs to be rediscovered a second time for his original contribution to clarify the role of the innovation and technical change within the economic systems. The aim of this paper is...

Richard Cantillon and David Hume both propose the theory of monetary non-neutrality, whereby the money supply changes through the money balances of specific individuals. Such an uneven distribution of monetary change then spreads throughout the economy step by step and changes relative prices....