externalities from foreclosures. VPROs were widely adopted by local governments across the United States during the foreclosure … enactment of VPROs in Florida more than halved the negative externality from foreclosure. This finding is robust to a rich set …

constraints. During housing busts, longer selling times spill over into higher foreclosure risk, thereby magnifying the response …, the reverse occurs. Based on these insights, I consider a foreclosure reform that makes all mortgages full recourse, and I …