Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based cost norms have attractive properties in the regulation of natural monopolies … that the regulation will induce socially optimal output levels. In this paper, we analytically and numerically examine the … that the eight-year catch-up period allowed in this regulation gives strong incentives to reduce costs since the firms can …

implications are higher the more heterogeneous the sector is. As an example, we use the Danish benchmarking regulation of the waste …

problem. The regulator has, therefore, initiated an extensive effort to try to incorporate supply quality in the regulation …

other factors, such as the political agenda and the historical context of the regulation. This sometimes results in some … regulation of the Danish water sector. More specifically, we look at the characteristics of the method the regulator uses to take …

This document analyses the effects of regulation and competition policy on the structure of the gas market. The natural …

mechanism and Shleifer's yardstick Regulation. Unfortunately, in practical applications of these simple mechanisms the regulated … regulator must be extremely well-informed if he wants to apply this sort of regulation: except for the actual realizations of a … regulated public utility. This is the main reason why in practice the simple $RPI - X$ regulation prevails. Finally, in this …

account key institutional features of EU public utilities, such as: a) regulation by agencies with various degrees of …