poorer development outcomes. However, systematic cross-country evidence on the deleterious effects of clientelism on … development outcomes is lacking. In this paper we examine the relationship between political clientelism, public goods provision …, and governance quality using cross-country panel data for 161 countries for the period 1900-2017. We distinguish between …

A 2015 World Bank report on the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) revealed that since the 1990s …, extreme poverty has been decreasing in all regions of the world with the exception of Africa where about 50 percent of … countries in Sub-Saharan Africa did not achieve the MDG extreme poverty target despite the sub-region enjoying more than two …