A quality-adjusted specification of labor is suggested which allows firm training to affect labor efficiency. To assess … probability that training expenditures result in net decreases in total costs. Judging from the corresponding point estimates …

. Wage inequality started to increase around 1994 in Germany for all workers and for prime age dependent male workers as well … Germany the group of workers with low tenure experienced higher inequality. …

-Economic Panel (GSOEP) 1984 to 2005. Real gross hourly wages for prime age dependent male workers increased on average by 23 percent … the group of workers with low tenure experienced higher increases in wage inequality compared to the group of workers with …

-Economic Panel (SOEP) 1984 to 2005. Real gross hourly wages for prime age dependent male workers increased on average by 23 percent … the group of workers with low tenure experienced higher increases in wage inequality compared to the group of workers with …

employment rate, the greater the length of time over which workers use the human capital generated by training policies. Moreover …This paper examines the interactions between employment and training policies. Their effectiveness in stimulating …, the greater the government expenditures on employment and training subsidies, the higher the taxes required to finance …

important effects. First, they promote employment of unskilled workers (who tend to be the ones who earn low wages). Second, by … that there are more unskilled workers associated with a relatively low employment rate. Third, the government budget … constraint has to be taken into account, which is supposed to cause an additional tax burden for the skilled workers. This …