Both older and recent literature on transfer pricing is not unified about the opinion whether optimal transfer price should be equal to marginal cost of supplying company and set by centralized decision (of vertically integrated multibusiness enterprise headquarters) or whether it should be set...

In this paper we analyze possible source of tax evasion in the multinational entity (hereinafter "MNE"). We show that the tax obligation of the whole MNE depends on the ownership structure of companies, which form MNE and that the structure could be described by matrix form. Therefore the basic...

In this paper we compare income taxes to VAT and tax credits to tax deductions in terms of their ability to distort factor prices, provide fair taxation, avoid tax-evasive transfer pricing and induce Pareto improvement of tax policies. On the base of theoretical discussion and thought...

We examine contemporary practice of transfer pricing rules enforcement in this paper. We have used neoclassical microeconomic framework with transfer price estimated via comparable uncontrolled price method. We have found that if vertically integrated multinational enterprise (MNE) has...

This paper has three objectives: (1) To introduce a theoretical solution to the issue of non-additivity between assets in place, relying on an accounting-based valuation approach; (2) To explain how such an approach can be implemented empirically by measuring synergies between assets; (3) To...

The aim of the article is to present the method of establishing equity shares in weight average cost of capital (WACC), in which the value of loan capital results from the fixed assumptions accepted in the financial plan (for example a schedule of loan repayment) and own equity is evaluated by...

The majority of academic economists share the view that a corporation should serve the exclusive interests of its shareholders (shareholder value maximization). This view is fi rmly grounded on the extension, by Arrow (1953) and Debreu (1959) of the two welfare theorems to production economies...

To keep up with the rather fast-growing interest in the discipline of Behavioral Finance and Economics caused in part by the new realities of the post-200S world, and the realities prevailing over three decades before and leading up to that year- there is a discernible need for the production of...

Corporations are affected by increasing volatilities on foreign exchange markets. A response to this development was the creation of financial instruments, so called derivatives, in order to protect corporations from the effects of flexible exchange rates. To understand the included risks and to...

We study forwards and European call options, which are written on a non-storable renewable resource. Examples of such derivatives in form of futures on fresh catch of wild salmon for the US and the recently created Fish Pool market in Norway, where futures on a composite of wild catch and farmed...