equilibrium models of trade. We follow a dual approach, highlighting how general equilibrium distributional aspects of social … inequality results in trade theory that are focused strictly on functional rather than household inequality. As an application of … for a broad class of models. -- Sen welfare functions ; duality ; political economy of equity …

In this paper we examine the empirical relevance of three prominent endogenous protection models. Is protection for …) and the Tariff Function (Findlay and Wellisz, 1982) models are significant at the one percent level. Novel is our … application of a single, unified theoretical framework to take strict interpretations of the three theoretical models to the data …

that time-varying trade barriers may be another channel for market instability. …We develop a simple two-region, cobweb-type dynamic equilibrium model to demonstrate the existence of optimal trade … barriers. A pure comparative statics analysis of our model suggests that a reduction of trade barriers always enhances welfare …

economy models either yield no prediction on the bias of the trade regime, or predict, counterfactually, a bias towards the …Rodrik (1995) notes that trade regimes tend to be biased towards import protection. Meanwhile, the standard political …

The vast majority of the books and articles that have been written over the past few centuries about trade policy in … general and protectionism in particular have been written from a utilitarian perspective. Indeed, it would only be a slight … overstatement to say that the only works written about protectionism have been written from a utilitarian perspective. The reason …

politically organized sectors with specific regard to trade policy. Second, we utilize two alternative measures of trade … protection (ad-valorem equivalent of non-tariff barriers and overall restrictiveness) and adopt industrial and trade data at a …

This paper explains why trade liberalizations occur in developing countries, and why they are often reversed. It does … quality upgrades to keep up with foreign competitors. Given the availability of a political market for import tariffs … lobbying effort over time, and on their implications for the timing and the time horizon of trade reforms in developing …

This chapter surveys research on the demand for protectionism as well as theoretical and empirical work on the (i …