In this paper, we study a novel network design problem for the fourth-party logistics network (4PLN) to cope with accidental demand surges. A chance-constrained stochastic programming model is established to minimize the overall cost for 4PLN under service-level targets, where the stochastic...

Purpose: The authors investigate the manufacturer's choice of discount schemes in a supply chain with competing retailers. Design/methodology/approach: Using a game-theoretic model, the authors build two discount frameworks and compare and analyze the effects of different discount schemes on the...

We develop two novel approaches to solving for the Laplace transform of a time-changed stochastic process. We discard the standard assumption that the background process (X_t) is Levy. Maintaining the assumption that the business clock (T_t) and the background process are independent, we develop...

Lithium-ion batteries suffer severe energy loss, significant pulse power decline, and reduced life cycle under cold weather. It is imperative to preheat the lithium-Ion batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) at low temperatures. At present, various internal alternative current (AC) heating...