We document the main features of financial cycles using a comprehensive database of credit, housing and equity prices. We report four major results. First, financial cycles can be protracted and costly episodes. Second, they can feed off each other and worsen, becoming financial crises. Third,...

While institutional differences have been found to affect country growth patterns, much has remained unexplained, including how economic actors "overcome" institutional weaknesses and how internationalization helps or hinders development. Banking is an institutionally-intensive activity and the...

Recent research has found that current account balances under flexible regimes seem to be no less persistent than under fixed regimes. This result appears to undermine Milton Friedman's well known — and commonly accepted — claim that flexible exchange rates facilitate the adjustment of...