Causal inference in the empirical sciences is based on counterfactuals. This paper presents the counterfactual account of causation in terms of Lewis's possible-world semantics, and reformulates the statistical potential outcome framework and its underlying assumptions using counterfactual...

In the past few years sustainability and sustainable development have become important concepts widespread over the world. There is no agreement on a common definition of sustainability, but there is a general need to measure and assess sustainability in different geographical and spatial...

Causal inference in the empirical sciences is based on counterfactuals. This paper presents the counterfactual account of causation in terms of Lewis's possible-world semantics, and reformulates the statistical potential outcome framework and its underlying assumptions using counterfactual...

Manuscript Type: ConceptualResearch Question/Issue: How can increased environmental complexity be managed better through more effective integration of corporate governance and CSR? What are the deficiencies of the predominant corporate governance architecture with regard to CSR support and how...

Thurstone's (1927) is not a proper model for multiple judgment paired comparison data as it assigns zero probabilities to all intransitive patterns. To obtain a proper model, Takane (1987) extended Thurstone's model by adding a vector of pair specific random errors. We investigate an...

An interesting example for collective decision making is the so-called Mexican wave during which the spectators in a stadium leap to their feet with their arms up and then sit down again following those to their left (right) with a small delay. Here we use a simple, but realistic model to...

This paper presents a classification of the political regimes based on their level of participation/inclusion and competition in the collective decision-making. We use the criteria developed to build a dataset for every currently independent country in the world for the period 1800-2006

It is nowadays unquestionable that the defense of the environmental quality and to it safeguards of the natural resources are fundamental slopes of the social development. The exploration of the common natural resources (water, air, soil, natural landscapes and humanized) it has been provoking...