-As-You-Go (PAYG) social security, and the mix ofPAYG and savings for retirement provision in a small open economy. It shows that … paper also provides acondition for partial displacement of savings by the PAYG, which is in line with vastempirical evidence. …

Japan's household saving rate showed great volatility, was often low and even negative, and was high only during the 25-year … trends over time in, Japan's household saving rate via various socioeconomic and policy variables. This seems to suggest that … their children than other peoples, suggesting that the alleged social norm of strong family ties in Japan is largely a myth …

literature on household saving behavior in Japan (with emphasis on the author's own past research) to shed light on whether or … hypothesis, which is undoubtedly the most widely used theoretical model of household behavior in economics, and then survey the … not the selfish life-cycle model applies in the case of Japan. In particular, we survey the literature on the impact of …