Most capital in the United States is idle much of the time. By some measures, the average workweek of capital in U.S. manufacturing is as low as 55 hours per 168 hour week. The level and variability of capital utilization has important implications for understanding both the level of production...

Typically measures of multifactor productivity growth have been based on a production and optimization framework that assumes all inputs are instantaneously adjustable, thus ignoring the important impacts of short run fixity of certain inputs. This paper focuses on the distinction between short...