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time preference are not considered simultaneously. We correct for differential mortality risk, risk aversion and …
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In the field of mortality, the Lee–Carter based approach can be considered the milestone to forecast mortality rates …–Carter model, the κ t parameter, describing the mortality trend over time, plays an important role about the future mortality … behavior. The traditional ARIMA process usually used to model κ t shows evident limitations to describe the future mortality …
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Estimation of future mortality rates still plays a central role among life insurers in pricing their products and … managing longevity risk. In the literature on mortality modeling, a wide number of stochastic models have been proposed, most … of them forecasting future mortality rates by extrapolating one or more latent factors. The abundance of proposed models …
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future mortality rates. It can be argued that there are two types of mortality models using this approach. The first extracts …-parametric smoothing techniques to model mortality and thus has no explicit constraints placed on the model. We argue that from a … using Great Britain male mortality data from 1950–2016. We also conduct a robustness test to see how sensitive the forecasts …
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The study of optimal long-term care (LTC) social insurance is generally carried out under the utilitarian social criterion, which penalizes individuals who have a lower capacity to convert resources into well-being, such as dependent elderly individuals or prematurely dead individuals. This...
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