Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) applications frequently involve nonsubstitutable inputs and nonsubstitutable outputs (that is, fixed proportion technologies). However, DEA theory requires substitutability. In this paper, we illustrate the consequences of nonsubstitutability on DEA efficiency...

We demonstrate a methodology for estimating, with a specified probability, the interval within which the true DEA efficiency of an individual Decision Making Unit occurs. With this procedure, decisions based on DEA scores are made under conditions of risk, as opposed to the current practice in...

The aim of this study is to investigate how moral hazard arises during financing R&D and technological innovation activities of firms through their corporate governance attributes and firm-specific characteristics. We study 106 firms that received a specially designed loan by a Turkish...