with school system resources. The model is rich, yet sufficiently stylized to provide novel implications. It can show, for … example, that an improvement in parental outside options will reduce parental and school effort, which are partially … compensated through school resources. In this way, by incorporating the behavioral responses of parents, teachers and policymakers …

The great majority of studies on the effect of school quality on academic outcomes do not take account of changes in … student choices concerning effort if school quality, e.g. class size, changes. We show that empirical estimates of the "total …" effect of changes in school quality could be quite different from the "partial" effect holding other inputs (including …

measures, using a randomized evaluation of a mother-tongue literacy program. The program raises reading scores by 0.64SDs and … writing scores by 0.45SDs. A reduced-cost version instead yields statistically-insignificant reading gains and some large …

We conduct a randomized controlled trial with households of secondary school students in Bangladesh to investigate how …