This study investigates on Pakistani and South African data gender issues in household behavior.A test for gender bias ….Widowhood poverty is no greater than that overall,but the picture changes dramatically if we allow economies of household size …

pattern by the presence of two household goods and socially learned gender-specific comparative advantage in their home … production. We label this gender specialisation as separate housework spheres. Empirical evidence strongly confirms separate …

This paper is intended to bridge the theoretical literature describing efficient intra-household behaviour and the … spouses. It examines the key elements of the collective model and discusses its relevance to analysing intra-household … marriages, strategic investment, gender norms, and extended households play in the attainment of efficiency. …

collective household model offers an alternative and promising framework to estimate poverty at the individual level while …A key element of anti-poverty policy is the accurate identification of poor individuals. However, measuring poverty at … the individual level is difficult since consumption data are typically collected at the household level. Per capita …

existing poverty calculations that ignore either intra-household inequality or economies of scale in consumption, ours take … that are common in developing countries. Based on a collective household model, we develop a new methodology to identify … the intra-household allocation of resources and the extent of consumption sharing. We apply our methodology using data …

Collective models have become the go-to framework for intra-household allocations. Available empirical collective … models are built for fixed sets of household members and accommodate diversity in household structures with difficulty … naturally to households of all shapes and sizes. An intuitive assumption about how allocations change with household composition …