We provide a theory of how growth, corruption, and a low-powered public-sector pay scale coexist in a stable equilibrium in the early stage of China's development. The regionally decentralized authoritarian regime of China features lower-level government officials competing for promotion to a...

We propose a theory for rating financial securities based on a concept of self-consistency, which does not allow issuers to gain, by tranching financial securities, from investors who rely on the rating criterion. While the expected loss criterion used by Moody's satisfies self-consistency, the...