This background paper describes the methodology used for the ECIPE Occasional Paper called "The Costs of Data Localisation: A Friendly Fire on Economic Recovery" in which the costs of data services regulation are assessed. This paper provides further explanation on how the costs of data...

Almost all international environmental agreements include a minimum participation rule. Under such a rule an agreement becomes legally binding if and only if a certain threshold in terms of membership or contribution is reached. We analyze a cartel game with open membership and heterogeneous...