Policy refers to a broad guideline framed by the government for some desired changes in a state. Policy entrepreneurs are the persons who strive to introduce desired changes in the policies. Policy entrepreneurs work with various bodies and get the policy implemented. Policy entrepreneurship is...

I study the effect of the demolition of 22,000 units of public housing on crime in Chicago using an approach that is designed to capture general equilibrium spillovers. Point estimates that incorporate both the direct and spillover effect of the demolitions indicate that in the short run the...

We evaluate the impact of specially designed youth unemployment programmes (YUPs), intended to provide young unemployed unskilled workers with skills. If unemployment among skilled workers is lower than among unskilled workers, YUPs imply that unemployment falls. However, YUPs potentially crowd...

The population of most developed societies is graying. As life expectancy increases and the large baby-boom generation approaches retirement age, this has critical consequences for maintaining a high standard of living and the sustainability of pension systems. In the light of these labor-force...

There is economic pressure towards the postponement of the retirement age, but employers are still reluctant to employ older workers. We investigate the comparative behavior of juniors and seniors in experiments conducted both onsite with the employees of two large firms and in a conventional...

This paper establishes a theoretical link between actuarial neutrality and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition to empirically assess vertical equity in public defined-benefit schemes. We demonstrate how this approach can be generalized to non-linear functions, point systems, and notional accounts....

Many theories and public discussions about pension systems and their reforms are based on the assumption that individual age is a major factor in determining individual preferences for or against public pension schemes. The aim of this paper is to explore whether different age groups do indeed...

Fertility has long been declining in industrialised countries and the existence of public pension systems is considered as one of the causes. This paper is the first to provide detailed evidence based on historical data on the mechanism by which a public pension system depresses fertility. Our...

Empirical evaluations of national minimum wages, such as in Germany or the UK, rely on bite measures that capture treatment variation; measured from the incidence (or intensity) of employees paid below the threshold before the minimum wage was introduced or raised. Bite-dependent estimations...

In this article, we consider identification, estimation, and inference procedures for treatment effect parameters using Difference-in-Differences (DID) with (i) multiple time periods, (ii) variation in treatment timing, and (iii) when the ``parallel trends assumption" holds potentially only...