This paper tests for the sensitivity of R&D to financing constraints conditional on restrictions in external financing. Financing constraints of firms are identified by an exogenously calculated rating index. Restrictions in external financing are determined by (i) the specific time period...

This paper investigates the impact of financial constraints on firms' inventory holdings, an area of significant interest given that inventories are volatile over the business cycle. I use detailed data on Swedish firms' balance sheets, income statements, and credit scores. I employ a regression...

This study investigates whether fluctuations in credit supply in a macroeconomy and a relational bank's financial condition affect the capital structure adjustment of firms. Using data for Japanese listed firms from 1988 to 2014, we find that firms adjust their capital structure slower during...