In the recent literature on estimating heterogeneous treatment effects, each proposed method makes its own set of restrictive assumptions about the intervention’s effects and which subpopulations to explicitly estimate. Moreover, the majority of the literature provides no mechanism to identify...

Research in the subject area of economics (as a social science) has defined its ontology of scientific investigation through economic methodology; a philosophical approach entailing the proviso of empirical evidence, and backed by an understanding of human interaction in their natural habitat....

A major feature of healthcare systems is substantial variation in hospital productivity. Productivity widely varies across NHS hospitals. This research investigates factors that may explain variations in hospital productivity. We employ a non-parametric panel regression technique to explore the...

In a recent paper Juodis and Reese (2022) (JR) show that the application of the CD test proposed by Pesaran (2004) to residuals from panels with latent factors results in over-rejection. They propose a randomized test statistic to correct for over-rejection, and add a screening component to...

When testing hypotheses, problems of omitted variables / confounding variables arise, understood as variables, which determine both, the variable seen as dependent and the variables seen as independent, resulting in spurious correlations among both. Experimental approaches counter this problem...

Many researchers have only focused on a single way of collecting data when other methods are available. This study proposes a template for researchers who intend to use the qualitative means in extracting data for analysis. The template shows the Olonite Observation Extract Template (OOEXT)

Statistical inference can be described as the process of drawing conclusions about a population or process based on sample data. This chapter outlines the logic of “classical” or “frequentist” methods for such inference. Three commonly used concepts for assessing statistical error are...

This paper examines different approaches for assessing causality as typically followed in econometrics and proposes a constructive perspective for improving statistical models elaborated in view of causal analysis. Without attempting to be exhaustive, this paper examines some of these...

The story of John Snow's 1855 treatise "On the mode of communication of cholera" is a rollicking good tale – full of heroism, death, and statistics. But more fundamentally Snow's work is a sustained effort to convince skeptics, through argument and a wide variety of evidence, of the waterborne...

The bootstrap is a convenient tool for calculating standard errors of the parameter estimates of complicated econometric models. Unfortunately, the fact that these models are complicated often makes the bootstrap extremely slow or even practically infeasible. This paper proposes an alternative...