With the continuous development of the social giant system, the independence of subsystem boundaries has decreased under the drive of complex relationships and multiple uncertainties. Decision makers are required to consider the interactions between different systems to develop precise policy...

We document that corporate insiders' trading behavior exhibits persistence over time. Classifying insiders as “Persistently Profitable (PP)” based on profits generated from historical trades, we find the current transactions of these insiders better predict firm performance. The relative...

A mark-to-market approach for convertible bonds is proposed where the volatility from the bond optionality is implied from the traded credit spread and bond price. By linking the convertible bond implied volatility to the listed equity option implied volatility surface, the set of available...

In many content markets, consumers often engage in multipurchase to seek variety and enhance their overall utility. Content distributors employ various acquisition strategies to expand their market share. This article investigates the optimal strategies for two distributors, which include...