economy permanently operates below capacity due to both structural unemployment and underemployment. The latter is a direct … explain movements of unemployment and underemployment in opposite directions. Finally, we show that uctuations in the total … employment gap under stagnation are primarily driven by uctuations in underemployment instead of structural unemployment. Our …

economy permanently operates below capacity due to both structural unemployment and underemployment. The latter is a direct … explain movements of unemployment and underemployment in opposite directions. Finally, we show that fluctuations in the total … employment gap under stagnation are primarily driven by fluctuations in underemployment instead of structural unemployment. Our …

prevent layoffs. Many OECD countries have used this policy in the Great Recession. This paper shows that the effects of short … in deep economic crises. The policy becomes more efficient as the recession deepens. In expansions, the effects are …

order to prevent layoffs and stabilize employment. Many OECD countries have used this policy in the Great Recession, for … efficient as the recession deepens. We disentangle discretionary short-time work from automatic stabilization in German data and …