This paper provides an overview of the latest developments in methodologies for assessing the vulnerability of coastal … zones to climate change at regional and local scales. The focus of vulnerability assessment in coastal zones used to be on … variables that play a part in determining coastal vulnerability, as well as non-climatic developments. The paper presents a …

vulnerability to climate change, in terms of sovereign risk, particularly for countries with low spreads and long-term debt … (advanced economies), where readiness and vulnerability tend to counterbalance each other. However, for countries with high … vulnerability effects in this case. Results also demonstrate that the actual occurrence of natural disasters is less influential …