, and later a reduction. Optimal taxes and subsidies are derived both for the first-best case and for the case of a …

-contingent renewable subsidies outperforms both unconditional commitment and discretion. The choice between the practically more feasible …

environmental policies and the multilateral trading system. In particular, it analyses some of the difficulties the WTO Dispute … failures, be ruled consistent with multilateral trade law. This paper argues that WTO law in theory provides appropriate tools … interpretations of certain WTO rules in the context of environmental disputes. …

emissions, such as subsidies to renewable energy. An obvious reason for subsidizing alternatives to carbon energy is that the … future tax rates. In some cases this inabilty to commit may justify subsidies to investments in renewable energy. …

of output subsidies, feed-in tariffs are often implemented in addition to emissions policies. This paper reveals that …

decentralised by levying technology-dependent capacity taxes/subsidies in addition to technology-/state-dependent emission taxes … their Pigouvian level, albeit with some qualifications. Capacity taxes/subsidies disappear when all consumers are on real …