relevant for further processing, for example poverty calculations, but surveyed explicitly in another (source) survey, not … latently observed in the surveys typically used for poverty calculation. It is explicitly captured in the social survey, which … is not suitable for poverty measurement. This procedure is useful for ex-post enhancement of survey data in general. …

) whereby narrow targeting of social transfers aimed at increasing their redistributive (poverty) impact has the perverse effect … of increasing poverty over the medium term due to decreasing public support for such spending. However, empirical support …

measures ensure that priority is given to the poorest among the poor while targeting, monitoring and evaluating poverty …The challenges associated with poverty measurement with a cardinal variable have received due attention during the last … four decades, but there is a dearth of literature studying how to meaningfully assess poverty with an ordinal variable …