We investigate two alternative explanations why men may hold more stocks than women. Apart from a gender difference in … risk aversion, gender differences in either optimism or in perceived risk of financial markets might cause men to hold more … issues, including the economy and the stock market. After taking differences in optimism into account systematic gender …

history, one norm widely adhered to in most developed nations has been for men to be the primary breadwinner within mixed-gender … households. As women have entered the labor market in greater numbers and gender wage differentials have declined, female … differences in the ease of access to superior partnership alternatives for women who out-earn their partners. While gender …