In relation to creating a CO2 emission permit market, there are two types of climate change policy risks: 1) It is uncertain whether and when a cap-and-trade system will be implemented; and 2) once a policy is in place, there may be government credibility issues. This paper examines the effect of...

To evaluate complex hedging deals from a cost-efficiency perspective, this paper proposes a new hedging-effectiveness measure, the Economic Value of the Incremental Expected Shortfall (EV-IES), which summarizes the costs and benefits of a hedging strategy by taking into account firm-specific and...

Green bonds are a form of bonds whose proceeds should be exclusively used for green projects. The green bond premium or greenium is the difference in yield between a green bond and the otherwise-identical brown bond. We propose a stylized model in which the size of the premium is affected by...