distribution of political nominations and government contracts. Anticorruption laws forbid trade in spoils that politicians … distribute. However, citizens may pay for gaining access to politicians and, thereby, to become potential candidates for …

distribution of political nominations and government contracts. Anti-corruption laws forbid trade in spoils that politicians … distribute. However, citizens may pay for gaining access to politicians and, thereby, to become potential candidates for …

Unlike much of the growing literature on political clientelism, this short paper contains mainly the author's general … clientelism has an impact on. It then analyses how its incidence changes with the process of development, and the kind of policy …

the long-run however, the effect is instead compositional in the sense that ex-politicians receive more pension income and …