demonstrate that this pattern reflects a causal relationship. -- Norm Enforcement ; Sanctioning ; Social Norms ; Survey Evidence …

Many federal and local governments rely on shaming penalties to achieve policy goals, but little is known about how … shaming works. Such penalties may be ineffective, or even backfire by crowding out intrinsic motivation. In this paper, we … study shaming in the context of the collection of tax delinquencies. We sent letters to 34,334 tax delinquents who owed a …

probabilities and penalty rates. Bergolo et al. (2017) document large misperceptions about these features. In this paper, we expand …