This paper investigates the impact of royalty revision on incentives and profits in a two-stage (R&D stage and marketing stage) alliance with a marketer and an innovator. The marketer offers royalty contracts to the innovator. We find the potential for royalty revision leads to more severe...

We study the gains from trade in a model with endogenously variable markups. We show that the pro-competitive gains from trade are large if the economy is characterized by (i) extensive misallocation, i.e., large inefficiencies associated with markups, and (ii) a weak pattern of cross-country...