There is a data paradox in competition enforcement. Data is an infinitely scalable, widely available, non-rivalrous and … asset unlikely to be conducive to competition issues. Yet, some observe that digital markets are increasingly dominated by … competition policy, this paradox must be unravelled. To this effect, this article examines the test devised by the Commission to …

This paper was prepared as a background note for discussions on “Out-of-market efficiencies in competition enforcement …” taking place at the December 2023 session of the OECD Competition Committee. …

"The regulation of innovation and the optimal design of legal institutions in an environment of uncertainty are two of … design decisions, and, in particular, competition policy and intellectual property regimes, can have profound consequences … for economic growth. However, remarkably little is known about the relationship between innovation, competition, and …