of trade. Regression results suggest that import protection makes income distribution worse for countries in labor …

-parametric formulas, we measure how trade modifies the deadweight loss of markups through two channels: (1) trade-induced change in markup … zero-sum welfare effects similar to implicit tariffs that tilt the terms of trade in favor of countries exporting high … compile new data on global profit ownership. Our findings reveal that trade has greatly reshaped the global incidence of …

different micro level. Trade is going through historical dealing, international fame of the nation, international standardized … timing towards destination. So by taking these main factor for stress free trade the consignment or exportable item to … very restrictive decision for trade ban like; export or import ban by trade barrier in the nation. So it is creating a bad …

because it is imported. Parallel trade (i.e., imports and exports) in pharmaceuticals takes place in markets that are … concerning parallel trade in pharmaceutical products. It is conducted in what typically are heavily regulated markets, and this … controls distorting ordinary international trade mechanisms, if for no other reason than that pricing practices have shown no …

from those on final consumer goods. To this end, the paper develops a three-country model with rigorous trade theory micro … the trade balance depending on whether they are imposed on intermediate or final goods. The paper also identifies the … mechanisms behind these effects. Simulations of the actual tariff increases during the trade dispute in 2018–19 show that the …

This note discusses capital controls using insights from the trade policy literature. It highlights some key issues … many goods and services are. As a result, much of the analysis pertaining to trade and trade policy in goods and services … applies with equal force to capital movements. Free trade is typically the best trade policy, no matter whether it is trade in …

Can oil discovery shocks affect the demand for protectionism? An intertemporal model of Dutch disease indicates that if … the tradable sector is politically dominant then an oil discovery can induce protectionism. If the economy is also credit …

Recent literature on the workhorse model of intra-industry trade has explored heterogeneous cost structures at the firm … the simplest specifications possible, namely a symmetric two-country intra-industry trade model with fixed export costs …

. Protectionism can have many different faces. It can come in the form of Buy-American clauses of stimulus packages, as an increase in … trade barriers or tariffs, or as an increase in export subsidies. In this paper, we show that none of these measures … the short run, they are less effective than general government spending impulses. Raising tariffs or trade barriers even …

PECS reverses the negative impact of strict ROOs on intermediate trade which turns positive as a consequence of introducing …