The paper discusses the main issues related to negative and zero incomes that are relevant for the measurement of … poverty. It shows the prevalence of non-positive incomes in high- and middle-income countries, provides an analysis of the … non-positive incomes, and explains how non-positive incomes and alternative correction methods impact the measurement of …

This survey reviews models of self-reinforcing mechanisms that cause poverty to persist. Some of them examine market … institutional failure which can, by itself, perpetuate self-reinforcing poverty. A common thread in all these mechanisms is their … reviews recent progress in the empirical poverty trap literature. …