Although theories on channels of monetary policy transmission emphasize indirect monetary policy effect on inflation and output, empirical literature is surprisingly rooted in a direct approach. The use of variants of vector autoregression, with theoretical ordering of variables, does not only...

Since their inception, modern portfolio theory (MPT) and the Sharpe ratio have been among the most popular investment methodologies. Although MPT has shortcomings, it effectively uses market sentiment to predict low-risk, high-earning portfolios. Our study reviews the current practice of using...