Exchange traded funds (ETFs) have grown substantially in diversity and size in recent years, reflecting a broader shift towards passive, index investing. As a consequence, there is increased interest by practitioners in the pricing and liquidity of ETFs. This paper develops and estimates a model...

We provide novel evidence supporting the notion that arbitrageurs can contribute to return comovement via ETF arbitrage. Using a large sample of U.S. equity ETF holdings, we document the link between measures of ETF activity and return comovement at both the fund and the stock levels, after...

In asset management, the portfolio leverage affects performance, and can be subject to constraints and operational limitations. Due to the possible leverage aversion of the investors, the comparison between portfolio performances can be incomplete or misleading. We propose a procedure to...