The response to the covid pandemic has varied widely across countries and over time. In this paper, we analyze the determinants of covid restrictions both theoretically and empirically. Consistent with our model’s predictions, we find that the covid protocol is particularly sensitive to the...

This report estimates possible macroeconomic effects of a pandemic taking place in the EU in 2006, using a quarterly macroeconomic model. The macroeconomic costs of a pandemic, that is the cost in terms of production lost due to illness and death measured as reductions in GDP growth and/or...