This article finds that the introduction of a carbon tax increased short-run carbon emissions in an imperfectly competitive wholesale electricity market. The unique feature of the Western Australian setting is that the same carbon tax was introduced and later repealed, but the market structure...

Wholesale electricity prices can rapidly change in real-time, yet households usually face fixed-price electricity tariffs. Therefore, households that predominantly use energy when wholesale prices are low implicitly cross-subsidize households whose energy use is more weighted to high-price...