We develop a framework for measuring biases in expectation formation. The basic insight is that under- and overreaction to new information is identified by the impulse response function of forecast errors. This insight leads to a simple and widely applicable measurement procedure. The procedure...

This paper studies liquidity insurance by financial intermediaries when agents can make unobservable side trades. Closed-end mutual funds of Jacklin (1987) achieve constrained efficiency when regulated appropriately, equilibrium is unique, and there are no financial panics. In an economy with...

We develop a general framework for measuring biases in expectation formation. The method is based on the insight that biases can be inferred from the response of forecast errors to past news. Empirically, biases are measured by flexibly estimating the impulse response function of forecast...

Face-to-face communication drastically increases cooperation rates in social dilemmas. We test which factors are the most important drivers of this communication gap. We distinguish three main categories. First, communication may decrease social distance. Second, communication may enable...

We experimentally investigate the effect of a dominated contract in team production, which punishes low output but does not reward high output. We consider three systems of implementing the dominated contract: exogenous, voting, and leadership. We find that teams choose the dominated contract in...