We investigate the puzzle in the literature that various parametric loss given default (LGD) statistical models perform similarly by comparing their performance in a simulation framework. We find that, even using the full set of explanatory variables from the assumed data generating process,...

We propose an empirical behavioral order-driven (EBOD) model with price limit rules, which consists of an order placement process and an order cancellation process. All the ingredients of the model are determined based on the empirical microscopic regularities in the order flows of stocks traded...