Combinatorial optimization problems are usually NP-hard and the solution space of them is very large. Therefore the set of feasible solutions cannot be evaluated one by one. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) are metaheuristic techniques...

For many years, economists have been using statistical tools to estimate parameters of macroeconomic models. Forecasting plays a major role in macroeconomic planning and it is an essential analytical tool in countries' economic strategies. In recent years, researchers are developing new...