Energy management strategy plays a vital role in the energy efficiency of the extended range electric vehicle. The reinforcement learning-based control strategy can be adopted as online control without being subjected to the pre-known environment information . In this study, a novel auxiliary...

Our study examines the influence of institutional investors on firm investment efficiency based on the non-financial firms listed on Chinese stock exchanges over the period of 2009–2014. Our results show that institutional ownership generally improves firm investment efficiency. However, after...

We consider licensing with a patent competition for a non-drastic process innovation among firms competing in a Cournot market. We study whether licensing improves social welfare, after taking rent dissipation into account. For licensing auction, welfare worsens for minor innovations and...